Breast Cancer Screening with Mammogram

Mammogram Examination for Breast Cancer Screening

By: Piyavate Hospital
Published Date: September 18, 2026

Getting to Know Mammogram Examinations

A mammogram is a breast X-ray utilizing a low dose of radiation to reveal internal breast tissue and check for abnormalities. It serves as a breast cancer screening method for women and is generally divided into two types: screening in asymptomatic individuals and diagnostic testing in symptomatic individuals, such as those who feel a lump or notice skin changes around the breast area.

It is recommended that women aged 40 and older undergo screening at least once a year, even in the absence of any symptoms, to enable early detection of abnormalities.

Risk Groups and Advantages of the Examination

Which groups are at risk for breast cancer?

• Women with a first-degree relative diagnosed with breast cancer (mother, sister, daughter)
• Individuals who have received radiation therapy to the chest area to treat other types of cancer
• Individuals who regularly take hormone medications or those who have already had cancer in one breast
• Individuals whose biopsy results show abnormal tissue conditions in the milk ducts (Atypical ductal hyperplasia)

Advantages of a Mammogram

• Enables the detection of small tumors or abnormalities in the early stages before they spread
• Leaves no residual radiation in the patient's body and causes no severe side effects from the procedure

Important Information, Optimal Timing, and Limitations

• Optimal timing: Breasts naturally tend to swell and feel tender close to menstruation, causing discomfort during compression. Therefore, the best time is 7–14 days after your menstrual period.
• Contraindications and precautions: Pregnant women or those who may be pregnant must inform a doctor or staff member beforehand, as radiation can affect the fetus.
• Limitations for women under 40: High breast tissue density can lead to inaccurate interpretation. Doctors often recommend an ultrasound as an alternative or in combination.

Test Results and Interpretation via BI-RADS

Test results are interpreted according to international standards called BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), expressed numerically to evaluate severity and management:

• BI-RADS 0: Inconclusive; additional imaging or a repeat mammogram is required.
• BI-RADS 1: Negative; no abnormalities found. Routine annual screening is recommended.
• BI-RADS 2: Benign finding(s); non-cancerous masses or abnormalities detected. Routine annual screening is recommended.
• BI-RADS 3: Probably benign finding; abnormality likely not cancerous. Follow-up every 6 months is recommended.
• BI-RADS 4 & 5: Suspicious abnormality; suggestive of cancer. A biopsy will be ordered by the doctor for confirmation.
• BI-RADS 6: Known biopsy-proven malignancy; cancer is confirmed, and treatment proceeds accordingly.